The Act of Uniformity prescribed the form of public prayers, administration of sacraments and other rites of the Established Church of England according to the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. The Great Ejection meant ministers, who refused to follow the act, were forced out of their position. 2000+ Puritan ministers were ejected out of the C OF E and were now called nonconformists. The Act of Uniformity is one of 4 crucial pieces of legislation known as the Clarendon Code. Source Wikipedia

Isaac was an English Puritan divine. He was born one year after James VI of Scotland became James 1 of Scotland and England(1603-25). He was brought up in a well known Roman Catholic family. Aged 17 he entered Brasenose College Oxford. He graduated in 1624 with a B.A. and ordained. He became one of Charles 1 's itinerant preachers in Lancashire. He spent time in Garstang before he was selected by Lady Margaret Hoghton as vicar of Preston. In 1641 he became a Presbyterian minister and was on the celebrated committee for the ejection of 'scandalous and ignorant ministers and schoolmasters during the Commonwealth. ’ He became caught up in the Civil War - Royalist v Parliamentarians (Charles II v Oliver Cromwell). Twice he was imprisoned by the Royalists. He tried to evade the political controversies of the time. . In 1654, as a result of the Civil War, he left his great church in Preston and moved to Garstang. The 1662 Act of Uniformity saw him ejected, along with 2,000+ ministers, because he refused to conform ( See* Act of Uniformity and Great Ejection*) His gentleness of character and earnest presentation of the gospel attached him to his congregation . As a religious writer he had a vividness and freshness of imagination possessed by few of the puritan Nonconformist. His Looking unto Jesus held its own popular appreciation with the writings of John Bunyan. Source Wikipedia See also sheet House of Stuart and First Interregnum

Lancelot was an English bishop and scholar who held high positions in the Church of England during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James 1. During the reign of James I he served successively as Bishop of Chichester (1605-9), Ely (1609-19) and Winchester ( 1619- 1626). In 1571 he entered Pembroke College, Cambridge. He earned a BA and a MA. In 1576 elected fellow at Pemborke. 11th June 1580 he was ordained. He was incorporated MA at Oxford. He oversaw the translation of the King James version of the Bible .His name is the first on the list of divines appointed to compile the authorized version commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611. His elder brother Roger also served as a translator. Once a year he would spend a vacation of a month with his parents. He would use this time to study European languages- eventually he acquired most of the modern languages of Europe. He sought to defend and advance Anglican doctrine, criticising both Puritan and Roman Catholic teaching. He was renown his preaching. His most famous book was * Preces Privatae* (1648) - a collection of prayers. Following the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot - November 5th 1605 - he was asked to prepare a sermon to be presented to the king in 1606. In the sermon he justified the need to commemorate the deliverance and defined the nature of celebrations. Read* During Elizabeth’s reign and During the reign of James I* Lancelot’s feast day is 25th September Source Wikipedia

Aphrahat was a Syriac Christian author of the third century. His ancestors were from the Persian /Sasanian Empire. All of his known works, the *Demonstrations * come from later in his life - 336-344. Aphrahat is the Syriac version of the Persian name Frahat, which today would be Farhad. The author, known as the Persian sage, also took the name Jacob at his baptism. There is a suggestion that he became a bishop Read about order and subjects of the 23 Demonstrations.

Isobel Selina Miller Kuhn - Belle - was a Canadian Christian missionary to the Lisu people of Yunnan Province, China and northern Thailand. She served with the China Inland Mission, along with her husband John , as a Bible translator, church planter, Bible teacher, evangelist and author of 9 books about her experiences. Rainy Seasons Bible Schools was opened by Isobel. During the dry season her ‘pupils’ worked hard on the land. When the floods came they were able to study. From 1930-1954 Isobel and John were missionaries in China. Their missionary work was put on hold from 1950-2 because of the Chinese communist revolution. In 1954 Isobel was diagnosed with cancer and she concentrated on writing her books. Her first book By Searching is an autobiography of her early life in a Christian home and her eventual conversion, aged 20, to being a born again Christian. ISBN 978-0853639111 Irene Howat in her book Gold from Dark Mines looks at Isobel 's searching and 5 other well known Christians and their build-up to their conversions. Isobel died on March 20th 1957 with her John at her side. Her funeral was held at Wheaton College Church. When I get to heaven they aren’t going to see much of me but my heels, for I’ll be hanging over the golden wall keeping an eye on the Lisu church! Isobel Kuhn (Note Her father was a roentgenologist - a person who uses x-rays in the diagnosis of illness an disease.) Sources Wikipedia 4 excellent pages of notes Gold From Dark Mines Irene Howat ch7 p173-p203 (ISBN 1 -85792-943-8)

Johann wrote several influential books on devotional Christianity. He is seen as a forerunner of Pietism (intensity of religious devotion) a movement within Lutherism that gained strength in the late 17th century. His fame rests on his writings. He wrote several influential books. His principal piece of work was *Wahres Christentum * -True Christianity His best known work is Paraadiesgartlein aller christlichen Tugenden(1612)* He was held in very high repute by German Pietists. The importance of Johann’s influence on the early Pietists is that some scholars even called him the true founder of the movement. In 2022 he was added to the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar. His feast day is 11th May which he shares with Jacob Boehme.

St. Cecilia lived during the 3rd century AD in Rome, Italy. She is one of the most famous Roman martyrs of the early church and historically most discussed. When she was forced to marry her husband Valerian, a pagan nobleman, she sat apart singing to God - for that she was later declared the saint of musicians. She retained her virginity by telling her husband that an angel of the Lord was watching over her. The husband asked to see the angel. She told him to be baptised by Pope Urban I. After the baptism he saw an angel standing beside her. She suffered martyrdom along with her husband and his brother Tiburtius, at the hands of prefect Turcius Almachius in the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius between 176-180 AD. The legend about her death is that she was struck on the neck by a sword three times and lived for three days. She asked the pope to turn her home into a church. She was later beheaded. Her body when moved in 1599 from the Catacomb of Callixtus to the church of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere was found to be still incurrupt, seemingly to be a sleep. Over the years a lot of music has been dedicated to her name by many famous composers - see list enclosed. *A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day * by John Dryden included My source for information was Wikipedia - a very well thought out source. Point of information Cecilia can also be spelt Cecity

Hugh Latimer and Hicholas Ridley were burnt at the stake in Oxford on 16th October 1555 during the reign of Queen Mary ( 1553-8). In 1534 the Act of Supremacy was passed in England. It made Henry V111 head of the English Church instead of the Roman Catholic Pope in Rome. It was the beginning of the English Reformation. There was a rapid advance towards Protestantism after the accession of King Edward V1 Henry V111 was followed by Edward V1 1547-53,and Lady Jane Grey 1553 both protestants. Mary (1553-1558) was Roman Catholic and wanted the church in England to return to Roman Catholicism. Those in high places who opposed her were arrested for treason and some were martyred for heresy - refusing to subscribe to certain articles of faith such as the existence of purgatory an the need to venerate saints. Hugh Latimer had become the bishop of Worcester in 1535. Forced to resign his see in 1539. He popularized the idea of the reformation Nicholas Ridley was appointed bishop of Rochester. In 1550 he became bishop of London. he denied the doctrine of transubstantiation - that Christ’s natural body is present in the bread of the Eucharist after consecration.blood. The trial happened at the University Church of St. Mary the Virgin. They were imprisoned at the former Bocardo Prison. They were burnt at the stake just outside the city walls to the north, where Broad Street is now located. Latimer , at the stake is said to have immortalized himself by exhorting his fellow victim Ridley with these words - we shall this day light a candle, by God’s grace, in England as I trust shall never be put out If you visit Oxford a cross on Oxford’s Broad Street marks the site of the execution. Thomas Cramner - see more information available under his name. Act of Supremacy - see more information under Henry V111 and Act of Supremacy Sources used Britannica Online Encyclopedia History Today Wikipedeia

Classes often have a 'starter' for the day. This can be How many words can you find in _________ On a special Christian festival why not take the name(s) as the starter. This could be looked at 4 ways:- 1. Creating a list. 2. Placing the words in a 3x3 or 4x4 square. 3. Creating a simple crossword with clues. 4. The teacher/parent creating a crossword for the children to solve using the answers given. The starter would be a combining of R.E. with an English spelling exercise.

John Newton loved to go to sea. He had a very eventful early life. He went to sea with his father aged only 11. Aged 18 he was press ganged by the Royal Navy. He became the ‘slave’ of Princess Peye. He eventually became a captain of three slave ships. Whilst a slave trader, on 10th March, 1745, following a very sever storm where his boat nearly sank ,he had a spiritual conversion.He started to read his Bible. He left the slave trade behind in 1755 and became the tide surveyor (tax collector) for the Port of Liverpool. He began to study to become a clergyman. Persistence paid off and eventually in 1764 to become a deacon. William Cowper, the poet, attended his church and together they wrote many hymns - Amazing Grace was one of them. He encouraged the young William Wilberforce to stay in politics. He waited 34 years before he wrote a pamphlet ‘Thoughts Upon the Slave Trade’. He sent a copy to every MP He died in 1807 knowing the British Passage of the Slave Trade act had been passed by parliament. I have included a copy of Amazing Grace, a list of the books he wrote and a word search (answers provided) . The slave trader who became the slave abolitionist and hymn writer. He was also the author of many Christian books.

I have put together a number of pictures which younger children could use when R.E. is being taught.

Saint Chad was a prominent Anglo Saxon Churchmen who became abbot of several monasteries. Bishop of Northumbrians and subsequently Bishop of Mercia and the Lindsey people. He was the brother of Cedd who also became a saint. Theodore, the new archbishop of Canterbury, was impressed by Saint Chad’s humility. The Venerable Bede said that the two years Chad worked as bishop in Mercia were decisive in christianising Mercia. Apparently he walked nearly everywhere but was eventually persuaded by Theodore to travel on horseback. Read about how seven days before he died a guest visited him to fore warn him. Saint Chad died during a plague. I have included information about the Metropolitan Cathedral and Basilica of St. Chad in Birmingham. Saint Chad is the patron saint of the Catholic archdiocese of Birmingham. Sources used The Church’s Year by Charles Alexander & catholicireland. Note wikipedia has a great deal of information about him.

The Venerable Bede was born in about 672AD and lived to the age of about 62. At the age of 7 he was entrusted into the care of Benedict Biscop who in 674AD founded the the monastery of St. Peter at Wearmouth. The monastery moved to Jarrow in 682AD where Bede spent the rest of his life. Aged 19 he became a deacon, aged 30 he was promoted to priest. The Venerable Bede, also known as Saint Bede, is widely regarded as the greatest of all the Anglo-Saxon scholars. He wrote around 40 books dealing with theology, history. observations on nature, music and poetry. His most famous work is * Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum translated from the Old English means *The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. It was completed in 731 AD and was the first work of history in which the AD system of dating was used. It is still a key source for the understanding of early British history and Christianity. He died in his cell on May 27th, 735AD The inscription on his shrine read Hac sunt fossa Bedae venerablis assa Here are buried the bones of the venerable Bede. He was the first of a long line of great English Historians. Sources used BBC British History * The Church’s Year* by Charles Alexander

The only recognized authority for the facts of Saint Benedict life is book 2 of the Dialogues of Saint Gregory 1. He was born of a noble family of Nursia and sent to Rome to be educated. Shocked by the behaviour of Rome he ‘retired’ as a young man to Enfide ((modern Affile) to live as a hermit. He isolated himself in a mountain cave and he daily hauled food up . The food was provided by the monk Romanus. When the fame of his sanctity spread he was encouraged to become an abbot at one of the monasteries. Here, because of his asceticism (self denial) and tales of being a miracle worker, he attracted disciples. He set up 12 monasteries around the place. He then abandoned the area - stories of jealousy and an attempt on his life. He moved to southern Italy, towards Naples and established the famous abbey of Monte Cassino. It was here that he wrote his famous * Rule of Saint Benedict* which contained precepts for his monks. Although known by his name it was influenced by the writings of John Cassian, and showed close affinity with the Rule of the Master. Even if this is the case Michael David Knowles in ‘Britannica Online Encyclopedia’ says *It was the Rule of St, Benedict, derived from various and disparate sources , that provided for the monastic way of life a directory at once practical and spiritual that continued to force after 1500 years. It was further developed to offer hospitality, medical, educational and agricultural skills to the world. Apparently Saint Benedict was never a priest. * He is a patron saint of Europe. Sources used Britannica Online Encyclopedia wikipedia Encyclopedia of Saints by Howard Loxton

Father Ernest Urban Trevor Huddleston was an English Anglican bishop, He was the Bishop of Stepney in London before becoming the second Archbishop of the Province of the Indian Ocean. He is best known for his anti-apartheid activism (1956-96) and his book Naught for Your Comfort. He became president of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in 1981. Trevor was born in Bedford, England. He was educated at Lancing College (1927-31), Christ Church Oxford and at Wells Theological College. On Michaelmas. 27th September 1936, he was ordained a deacon. 1937 ordained a priest. Clifford Woodward, Bishop of Bristol presided over both. He served as a curate at St. Mark’s Swindon for 2 years. In 1939 he joined the Community of the Resurrection (CR), an Anglican religious order. September 1940 he sailed to Cape Town. 1941 he took his vows. In 1943 he went to the CR mission station at Rosettenville (Johannesburg, South Africa). His task was to continue the work of Raymond Raynes. Raymond had been nursed back to health by Trevor and recognized him as his successor. Over the next 13 years in Sophiatown he developed into a much loved priest and anti-apartheid activist. His nickname was Makhalipile (dauntless one). In 1949 elected Provincial of CR In 1955 the African national Congress (ANC) bestowed upon him the rare Isitwandwe award in recognition of his anti-apartheid activities. He was particularly concerned about the Nationalist Governments decision to bulldoze Sophiatown. He established the African Children’s Feeding scheme, which still exists. He also raised money for the Orlando Swimming Pools - the only place black children could swim until post 1994. Many South Africans lives were changed by Trevor. He was close to O. R. Tambo, ANC President during his years in exile (1962-90). Together they hosted many conferences, protests and actions. He met a young, ill Desmond Tutu when visiting a hospital. In 1955 he was asked by CR to return to England. He returned in 1956 and published Naught for Your Comfort which was based on his personal experiences in South African anti-apartheid. He worked as the master of novices at CR’s Mirfield house in West Yorkshire for 2 year. He then worked at the Prior in London. 26th June 1959 he and Julius Nyerere(JN) addressed the founding meeting of the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM). He became vice-president (1961-81). Became Bishop of Masasi (Tanzania) where he worked and reorganized the mission schools to be run by the independent government of JN.(1960-8). Back in the UK he became Bishop of Stepney. In 1978, after 10 years in England, he was appointed Bishop of Mauritius and Archbishop of of the Province of the Indian Ocean. April elected president of AAM ( 1981-94) 1995 Patron for Action for Southern Africa (ASA) replaced AAM Knighted 1998 Bishop Trevor of Sophiatown died at Mirfield, West Yorkshire on 20th April 1998. His ashes were taken to Sophiatown. AAM S.A. History Online

St Anthony of Kiev or Anthony of the Caves was a monk and founder of the monastic tradition in Kievan Rus’. Together with Theodosius of Kiev he founded the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Kiev Monastery of the Caves). He was born in Lyubech (present day Liubech). H e was baptized with the name Antipas. At an early age he was drawn to the spiritual life and joined the Greek Orthodox Esphigmenou Monastery on Mount Athos to live as a hermit. He lived in a secluded cave overlooking the sea - which is open to this day for visitors to see. In about 1011 the abbot set Anthony the task of expanding monasticism in his native Kiev. He returned to Kiev to find several monasteries had been established by local princes. They were not as austere as those on Mount Athos so he lived in a small cave which had been dug near the presbyter Hilarion. In 1015 Vladimir I of Kiev died and war broke out between his two sons. During the conflict Anthony returned to Athos. Once the conflict had finished he returned to Kiev. He had a very strict asceticism ( austere diet ) - he ate rye bread every other day and drank only a little water. The abbot prophesied that many monks would join him. His fame spread beyond Kiev… !2 others joined him including Nikon the priest and Theodosius of Kiev Read Establishment of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra He continued to live a seclusion in a cave. The cave became the first of what would later be known as the Far Caves. Iziaslav sends him into exile: his brother, Sviatoslav secretly invites him to Chernigov. Iziaslav reconciled with Anthony.A large stone church is built to accommodate the increased number of monk. A large stone church was under construction to accommodate the increased number of monks during his life time. He died before it was completed. Anthony died aged 90. He requested that his remains were hidden - they have never been found.

Claudio was an Italian Jesuit priest. In 1581 he was elected as the fifth Superior General of the Society of Jesus.He has been referred to as the second founder of the Jesuit order After initial studies of humanities (Greek, Hebrew and Latin) and Mathematics.he studied Jurisprudence in Perugia. In 1567 he joined the the Society of Jesus. With the blessing of Pius V he asked the Superior General, Francis Borgia,if he could be admitted to the noviceship . Soon after completing his studies he was given important responsibilities- his administrative gifts marking him out for the higher posts.He became the Provincial superior first in Naples then in Rome. In 1580 he joined the Jesuit mission to England He was responsible for *Ratio atque institutio studiorum * (1586). It was the summing up of years of experience in the field of education and marshalling them int the Jesuit system of education Parts were withdrawn in 1591 but under Clement VIII and Paul V he was able to save his party from a condemnation that at one time seemed probable. Read ‘Achievements as General.’ By the time he died in Rome the Society had tripled in size with 13,000 numbers in 550 houses and 15 provinces.** Claudio was undoubtedly one of the greatest Superior Generals to have govern the Society,

William Ames was an English Puritan minister, philosopher and controversialist. He spent much of his time in the Netherlands. He is noted in the controversy between the Calvinists and the Arminians. ( See notes on both of them) He studied at Christ’s College, Cambridge 1598 -BA and 1601 MA. He was chosen for a fellowship in Christ’s College but it was given instead to Valentine Carey. Similar rebuffs followed and he ended up in the Netherlands. On 7th of May 1622 he was installed at Franeker and stayed for 12 years. He was made rector in 1626. His works were known over Europe and collected at Amsterdam in 5 volumes. In 1633 he caught a cold from a flood which flooded his house and died.

Alcuin, also known as Ealhwine, Alhwin or Alchoin was a scholar, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert. He was a court chancellor in Aachen. At the invitation of Charlemagne he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court in France. H e graduated to become a teacher during the 750s. He became the head at York school (now St.Peter’s) where he revived trivium (grammar/rhetoric/logic) and quadrivium disciplines and wrote a codex on the trivium. He became a deacon but was never ordained. In 781 he was sent to Rome by King Elfwald. On his way home he met Charlemagne. who persuaded him to join his court. He joined an illustrious group of scholars. He later wrote the Lord was calling me to the service of King Charles. He became master of the Palace School of Charlemagne. He taught Charlemagne (782-790), his sons Pepin and Louis as well as young men sent to be educated at court and young clerics attached to the palace. He brought with him his assistants from York and revolutionised the educational standards of the school. It became known as the school of Master Albinus (Alcuin’s nickname) In 790 he returned to York for a short time. He failed to influence King AEtheired so he returned to the Carolingian court. He never went back to York , In 796, now in his 60’s, he hoped to retire from court instead Marmoutier Abbey was put into his care by Charlemagne - who could call on him for advice. Alcuin encouraged the monks there to use beautiful Carolingian minuscule script. Carolingian minuscule - using a mixture of upper and lower-case letters - was perfected and restored to purity of the form. by Alcuin. He stayed at the abbey until his death on 19th May 804. According to Einhard’s* Life of Charlemagne* he was considered among the most important intellectual architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Source Wikipedia

Alan of Lille was a French theologian and poet. He is sometimes called Alanus de Montepessulano. He was born in Lille sometime before 1128. His exact date of his death is also unclear - research suggests between 14 April 1202 and 5 April 1203. Although he was widely known during his lifetime there is not a great deal known about his personal life. He had a very widespread reputation during his lifetime and his knowledge caused him to be called Doctor Universalis. As a theologian he was opposed to scholasticism in the second half of the 12th century. He claimed in order to understand religious truth and to know God,the wise must believe in faith. His philosophy was a mixture of Aristotelian logic and Neoplatonic philosophy. The is a long list of works attributed to him (See List of known works) but there are several Alains so it is uncertain how many of the works listed are actually his. Notable works actually written by him include*The Plaint of Nature, Anticlaudiamus and the Art of Preaching. Source Wikipedia